Brasil info

pantanal

Toucan – Pantanal

Most important areas:

  • South east – Rio: mountain forest and tropical islands.
  • West – Pantanal: worlds largest freshwater swamp with a rich fauna.
  • North – Amazon rainforest, rivers, hard to spot animals.
  • North east – Bahia: rich culture and history, beaches, tabletop mountains, marine turtles, best carnival in the world!
  • North-east – Maranhao: culture, rivertrips to huge coastal dune reverve. Few tourists.

Geology

Brazil is totally contained in the South American Platform, whose basement is of very complex geologic evolution, that originated in the Archean period. Brazil had its consolidation completed between the Proterozoic Superior period and the beginning of the Palaeozoic period, with the closing in the Brazilian cycle.

Crystalline shields – Sedimentary basins

The basement of the South American Platform is essentially structured on metamorphic rocks of amphibolite to granulite facies and granitoids of Archean age, associated with the Proterozoic units that are represented usually by folded strips of green schist facies and sedimentary and volcanic coverings, (seldom metamorphosed) and several granitoids.

That basement is widely exposed in great shields, separated from each other by fanerozoic coverings, whose limits extend to the neighboring countries. Prominent are the shields of Guyana, Central Brazil and Atlantic.

The shield of Guyana extends to the north of the basin of Amazonas. The shield of the Brazil-central, or Guapore extends to the interior of Brazil and south of that basin, while the Atlantic shield is exposed in the oriental portion reaching the Atlantic border. These shields are exposed in more than 50% of the area of Brazil.

On that platform were developed in Brazil, in stable conditions of ortho-plataform, starting from Ordovician-Silurian, the sedimentary and volcanic coverings that filled spatially three extensive basins with sineclisis character: Amazonas, Paraa‘­ba and Parana. Besides those basins, several other smaller basins, including coastal basins and other sedimentary areas, occur exposed on the platform.

Geomorphology

The relief of Brazil, in agreement with Aziz Ab’Saber’s classification, it is divided in two great plateau areas and three plain areas as follows:

 

  • Plateau of Guyana, embracing the mountainous area and the Amazon North Plateau. Located in the extreme north of the country, it is an integral part of the shield of Guyana, presenting crystalline rocks of the Pre-Cambrian period. This area includes the highest elevation in Brazil – the Pico da Neblina, with an altitude of 3,014 meter.
  • Brazilian plateau, subdivided in Central, Maranha0-Piaua‘­, Northeastern Brazil, mountains and plateau of the East and Southeast, Southern and Uruguayan-Riograndense, it is formed by quite worn crystalline lands and sedimentary basins. It is located in the central part of the country, and encompasses great areas of the national territory.
  • Plains and Amazon low lands. Located in the North region of the country, below the Plateau of Guyana, it presents three different altimetric levels – valleys, constituted by lands of recent formation near the margins of the rivers; fluvial terraces, with maximum altitudes of 30 m and periodically flooded; and low-plateaus, formed by lands of Tertiary.
  • Plain of the Pantanal, located in the area west of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul and South west of Mato Grosso, it is formed by lands of Quaternary.
  • Plains and coastal low lands, accompanying the Brazilian coast from Maranhao to the south of the country, it is formed by lands of the Tertiary and for current lands of Quaternary.

It should be noted that the Brazilian relief doesn’t present formation of very high mountainous chains, prevailing altitudes are below 500 m, since it was developed on an old geologic base, without recent tectonic movements.

Source: Brazilian Environmental Mall

Climate
Flora
Fauna

National parks of Brasil.

 

  • Abrolhos Marine National Park
  • Amazônia National Park
  • Aparados da Serra National Park
  • Araguaia National Park
  • Brasília National Park
  • Cabo Orange National Park
  • Caparaó National Park
  • Chapada Diamantina National Park
  • Chapada dos Guimarães National Park
  • Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park
  • Emas National Park
  • Fernado de Noronha Marine National Park
  • Grande Sertão Veredas National Park
  • Iguaçu National Park
  • Ilha Grande National Park
  • Itatiaia National Park
  • Jaú National Park
  • Lençóis Maranhenses National Park
  • Monte Pascoal National Park
  • Monte Roraima National Park
  • Pacaás Novos National Park
  • Pantanal Matogrossense National Park
  • Pico da Neblina National Park
  • Lagoa do Peixe National Park
  • São Joaquim National Park
  • Serra da Bocaina National Park
  • Serra da Canastra National Park
  • Serra da Capivara National Park
  • Serra do Cipó National Park
  • Serra do Divisor National Park
  • Serra Geral National Park
  • Serra dos Órgãos National Park
  • Sete Cidades National Park
  • Superagüi National Park
  • Tijuca National Park
  • Tumucumaque National Park
  • Ubajara National Park
  • Xingu National Park
  • Araucárias National Park
  • Campos Gerais National Park
  • Serra do Pardo Nacional Park
  • Chapada das Mesas National Park
  • Nascentes do Rio Parnaíba National Park
  • Vale do Catimbau National Park
  • Serra de Itabaiana National Park
  • Serra da Bodoquena National Park
  • Pontões Capixabas Nacional Park
  • Cavernas do Peruaçu Nacional Park
  • Sempre Vivas Nacional Park
  • Pedra Azul Nacional Park
  • Serra do Itajaí Nacional Park
  • Serra da Cutia Nacional Park
  • Viruá Nacional Park
  • Serra da Mocidade Nacional Park
  • Pau Brasil Nacional Park
  • Jericoacoara Nacional Park
  • Saint-Hilaire/Lange Nacional Park



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